The period initiated with the presidencies of Bartolomé Mitre, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento and Nicolás Avellaneda constituted the start of the political consolidation of our Nation. The presence of a national executive power proved to be a key element in centralizing the government’s functions and determining the fate of the territory. However, the administration was not an easy one due to the province's interests and the different conflicting factions inside and outside of Congress, which influenced the course of political life. Furthermore, the presence of other actors such as federal caudillos (leaders of the different provinces), gauchos and indigenous people, were also contributing factors to this instability in which power was not only resisted but disputed as well.

Nevertheless, this process managed to establish some of the pillars that favoured the State consolidation from 1880 on, such as the educational system, the National army and a juridical order.